Computer networks can be interpreted as a series of two or more computers. These computers will be connected to one another by a communication system. With computer networks is possible for every computer that netted in it to each other to exchange data, programs, and other computer resources such as storage media, printers, and others. Computer network that connects computers located in different locations can also be used to send electronic mail (e-mail), transmit data files (upload) and retrieve data files from other places (download), and various activities of access to information on the location separately.
The main purpose of a computer network is the sharing of resources (read: resources), in which a computer can utilize the resources of other computers that are in the same network.
The development of data communication technology and computer networks today are no longer limited only to the computer. Various devices are present communication technology is developing follow the development of computer technology, many of which integrate computing devices such as microprocessors, memory, displays, storage, and communications technologies into it but once the technology is developed for a computer that can we meet this time have come to use in computer network technology.
A computer network consists of:
- minimum of two computers
- network card (network interface card / NIC) on each computer
- medium connection, network card that connects one computer to another, commonly referred to as a data transmission medium, can be either wired or wireless or non-wired (wireless such as radio, microwave, satellite, etc.).
- network operating system software (network operating system software / Noss) that serves to manage the network system, for example: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Microsoft Windows NT, Novell Netware, Linux, and so forth.
- interconnection equipment such as Hub, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateway, if the network is formed increasingly wider scope
History Global Network / World began in 1969 when the U.S. Defense Department, U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to conduct research on how to connect a number of computers so as to form an organic network. This research program known as the ARPANET. In 1970, already more than 10 computers are successfully connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other and form a network.
In 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail program that he created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so easy, so that immediately became popular. In the same year, the icon @ also introduced as an important symbol that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer network were developed outside the United States extends. Computer University College in London is the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of ARPAnet network. In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner of thinking International Network (Internet).
This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex. The next historic day is March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, already more than 100 computers on ARPANET joined to form a network or network.
In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin, creating the first-named newsgroups USENET. In 1981 France Telecom creates a buzz by launching the first television telephone, where people can call each other while associated with the video link.
Because the computers that form a network of daily increasing, it needed a formal protocol that is recognized by all networks. In 1982 established Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and IP are now known to us all. Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet, which provides computer network services in these countries the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups. To homogenize the address on existing computer networks, then in 1984 introduced the domain name system, now known by DNS. Computers that are connected with the existing network has more than 1000 computers more. In 1987 the number of computers that are connected to the network soared 10-fold to 10,000 more.
In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland found and at the same time introduce an IRC (Internet Relay Chat). A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100,000 computers at that time form a network. Year 1990 is the year's most historic, when Tim Berners Lee to find a program editor and browser that can roam from one computer to another computer, which form a network. The program is called www, or the World Wide Web.
In 1992, computers that are connected to each other form the network has exceeded a million computers, and in the same year the term surfing (browsing).
In 1994, the virtual world sites has grown to 3,000 pages address, and for the first time in a virtual-shopping or e-retail appear on the site. The world changed. In the same year Yahoo! Established, who was also at the same time of the birth of Netscape Navigator 1.0.
